4.5. Manage cultural conflicts. Readings

Conflict rooted in cultural misunderstanding is rarely resolved through explanation alone. What is needed is dialogue, a shared space where students can express, hear, and reflect on different cultural perspectives.

Open discussion in structured formats ensures psychological safety. These might include:

• Circle discussions with clear ground rules and turn-taking protocols.

• Anonymous sharing tools (e.g., Padlet, Google Forms) followed by facilitated group dialogue.

• Critical incident reflections, where students discuss a cultural misunderstanding (real or hypothetical) in small groups, focusing on interpretation, impact, and intent.

The goal is not consensus, but recognition: of difference, of complexity, and of shared humanity. These discussions can be emotionally charged, and lecturers should set clear expectations around respect, confidentiality, and curiosity.

Importantly, cultural conflict should not be treated as a problem to be “fixed” once and for all. Rather, it is part of the ongoing challenge and opportunity of intercultural learning. Conflict handled well deepens trust and creates a more robust learning community.